Mashups

A mashup is a type of  application that's comprised of two or more  components that have
 been connected to create a new integrated experience.Mashups are generally client applications or hosted online.The term implies easy, fast integration, frequently using open APIs.Mashup is important to make existing data more useful, moreover for personal and professional use.standardizing key technologies, such as SOAP, REST, and Ajax, we've seen an explosion in the adoption of SOAs, both on the Web and inside the enterprise. This has led to the technologies reaching a critical mass whereby there is aincreased  reusable Web-based APIs and mashups . In this, there's an  expanding set of content, data, and services available for people who wish to develop applications using this model.
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1) IBM® Mashup Center
IBM® Mashup Center is an enterprise mashup platform enabling the rapid creation, sharing, and discovery of reusable application building blocks (widgets, feeds, mashups) that can be easily assembled into new applications or leveraged within existing applications - with the governance and security IT requires
http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/downloads/ls/lsmashupcenter/index.html

2)IBM mashup technology on YouTube.
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Evolution of SOA!!!

SOA is a revolutionary shift from client server architecture ,SOA emerged into IT mainstream when web services became the  basis of a seperate architectural platform.

The IT industry has decomposed IT infrastructures into modular, reusable services.Evolution of the SOA will put these services in the hands of the users (non-developers) so they can build solutions in a manner that can overcome various  problems.We need a new way of accessing and leveraging the current services in the SOA and empowering the end or business user to quickly integrate the services together. This approach would allow them to rapidly create applications that meet their situational needs.

web services vs web application

web services	web applications
Service used by web application	software application hosted on browser Provides GUI for the end users and offers some functionality using web services
Independent of the programming language and the operating system	Dependent on the OS and programming language
services can be used by many applications	Applications cannot be used by other applications
Technologies used are XML,SOAP,WSDL........	HTML,Javascript,Flash,Ajax.......

web service???

Basically providing services on the web, using technologies like XML, SOAP, WSDL and UDDI  over an Internet protocol backbone.XML is used to tag the data, SOAP is used to transfer the data, WSDL is used for describing the services available and UDDI is used for listing what services are available.web services do not provide GUI to the user instead it shares business logic, data and processes through a programmatic interface across a network.Application developers add GUI to web services to provide some functionality for users.web services are not tied to any OS or programming language.  

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Web Services Toolkit

A software development environment for designing, developing, and executing Web service technologies

http://www.alphaworks.ibm.com/tech/webservicestoolkit
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service oriented architecture

It is an architecture which helps in transformation of business into services and these services can be accessed using internet.services from geographically distributed places can be combined to form a single service.Entry points for SOA are people,process,information,connectivity and reuse of services.